Hi
I'm not in a position at this moment to check this for myself (no Quest installed on my computer at work!) , but it might well be worth trying this;
Make your 'break through' & 'break in' (and so on) synonyms for 'break' something like;
define synonyms
break through; break in; break open; break down = break
end define
and then just use 'break' in the verb definition like so;
verb <break; kick in; bash; bash in; force open; bang open; pry open; punch through; smash>
Do a similar thing with the other 'verbs' as needed...
If my rusty Quest knowledge is not too far gone, this should pre-parse all the variations of 'break' into just 'break' which ought to work when used within the verb construct.

I could be wrong on this, so don't shoot the messenger if I am!
MaDbRiT
EDITED!
Tried it on an unregistered Quest 4.1 install, and although you say you couldn't fool it with synonyms, this works for me...
' Quest 4.1 ASL Template
define game <Game Name>
asl-version <410>
gametype singleplayer
game version <1.0>
game author <Your Name>
game copyright <© 2009 ...>
game info <Enter any additional information about this game here.>
start <Start Room>
verb <break> msg <You can't break that!>
end define
define synonyms
break in; break through; break open = break
end define
define room <Start Room>
look <Description Goes Here>
define object <widget>
look <A nice widget>
end define
end define
define text <intro>
Enter intro text here
end define
define text <win>
Enter win text here
end define
define text <lose>
Enter lose text here
end define
Try 'break widget' or 'break through widget' and it seems to work...