<img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53a4b792e4b073bf214c0e66/1555823766608-TSTYPP9KY1O4NA3APB9N/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kHZQF1DbxRORyaM8CP4vvykUqsxRUqqbr1mOJYKfIPR7LoDQ9mXPOjoJoqy81S2I8N_N4V1vUb5AoIIIbLZhVYy7Mythp_T-mtop-vrsUOmeInPi9iDjx9w8K4ZfjXt2dtQKtdzMCEGDzI4yTprE_fkBTi5k1oePYQw3SPBRaEsDZDqXZYzu2fuaodM4POSZ4w/gospeljohn+%282%29.jpg?format=1500w" height="200px">
''A Look into Byzantine and Medieval Western European Art''
by Harrison Dilts
[[Start]]
[[Sources]]<img src="https://idsb.tmgrup.com.tr/2014/09/25/HaberDetay/1411595902071.jpg" height="300px">
''Byzantine Art''
[[Paintings->Paintings2]]
[[Mosaics->Mosaics2]]
[[Sculpture->Sculpture2]]
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<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lorenzetti_amb.effect2.jpg/600px-Lorenzetti_amb.effect2.jpg" height="300px">
''Western European Art''
[[Paintings]]
[[Sculpture]]
[[Stained Glass]]
<audio src = "https://freesound.org/data/previews/63/63318_584070-lq.mp3" autoplay>“Byzantine Art.” Britannica Online Academic Edition, 2019, pp. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Stokstad, Marilyn. Medieval Art. 2nd ed., Westview Press, 2004.
The Art of Medieval Spain, A.D. 500-1200, Jerrilynn D. Dodds, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), John W. Williams, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), John P. O'Neill, 1993
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/middle-byzantine-art/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/the-early-middle-ages/
https://blog.mozaico.com/the-glory-of-byzantine-mosaic-art/
https://www.ancient.eu/Byzantine_Art/
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/medieval-europe-islamic-world/a/justinian-mosaic-san-vitale
https://www.invaluable.com/blog/medieval-art/
https://freesound.org
Made With Twine<img src="http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/blaue_europe.jpg" width="400px" height="300px">
What would you like to learn about?
[[Byzantine Art]]
or
[[Western European Art]]
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[[The Virgin and Child]], 9th century CE, Hagia Sophia
''Paintings''
Besides walls and domes, small painted wooden panels were another popular medium, especially in the late-Empire period. Literary sources describe small portable portrait paintings which were commissioned by a wide range of people from bishops to actresses. Paintings for manuscripts were also a valued outlet for painting skills, and these cover both religious subjects and historical events such as coronations and famous battles.
<audio src = "https://freesound.org/data/previews/86/86113_1275447-lq.mp3" autoplay><img src="https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/media/28317/n-4451-00-000140-hd.jpg?center=0.32621951219512196,0.66004415011037532&mode=crop&width=1280&height=960&rnd=132084602920000000" height="300px">
[[Wilton Diptych]]
''Paintings''
Medieval painting in Europe was rich in religious imagery and symbolism due to the influence of religion during the medieval times. The main attention in the medieval painting was paid to the depiction of famous figures, mainly religious, and scenes from religious tales and heaven and hell.
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[[Justinian Mosaic]], San Vitale
''Mosaics''
This form of artwork was used to depict images of religious figures, images, stories and more to be displayed out in the open in places where worshippers gathered. It is believed that mosaics were used as the primary source of artwork because it could be installed directly into the floor, walls or windows of the church. It didn’t have to be hung on a wall, it could be part of a wall.
<audio src = "https://freesound.org/data/previews/249/249576_4205952-lq.mp3" autoplay><img 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height="300px">
[[Consular Diptych]]
''Sculpture''
Realistic portrait sculpture was a characteristic of later Roman art, and the trend continues in early Byzantium. The Hippodrome of Constantinople was known to have bronze and marble sculptures of emperors and popular charioteers, for example. Ivory was used for figure sculpture, too, although only a single free-standing example survives, the Virgin and Child, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Marble and limestone sarcophagi were another outlet for the sculptor’s craft. After the 6th century CE, though, three-dimensional portraits are rare, even for emperors, and sculpture reached nowhere near the popularity it had in antiquity.
<audio src = "https://freesound.org/data/previews/337/337816_4451798-lq.mp3" autoplay><img src="https://textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com/boundless-art-history/ot9bttimqxucwfpnhv0i.jpe#fixme" height="300px">
[[Visigoth Votive Crown]]
''Sculpture''
In the early medieval period, the decorative arts, including metalwork, ivory carving, and embroidery using precious metals, were probably more highly valued than paintings or sculptures. Metal and inlaid objects, such as armor and royal regalia (crowns, scepters, and the like) rank among the best-known early medieval works that survive to this day.
<audio src = "https://freesound.org/data/previews/337/337816_4451798-lq.mp3" autoplay>In Late Antiquity, a consular diptych was a type of diptych intended as a de-luxe commemorative object. The diptychs were generally in ivory, wood or metal and decorated with rich relief sculpture. A consular diptych was commissioned by a consul ordinarius to mark his entry to that post, and was distributed as a commemorative reward to those who had supported his candidature or might support him in future.One of the most famous images of political authority from the Middle Ages is the mosaic of the Emperor Justinian and his court in the sanctuary of the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy.
As the Christian Emperor, he saw himself as the defender of the faith. As such it was his duty to establish religious uniformity or Orthodoxy throughout the Empire.A votive crown is a votive offering in the form of a crown, normally in precious metals and often adorned with jewels. Especially in the Early Middle Ages, they are of a special form, designed to be suspended by chains at an altar, shrine or image. Later examples are more often typical crowns in the style of the period, either designed to be placed on the head of a statue, or re-used in this way after donation.The Virgin and Child mosaic, 9th century CE, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey. The mosaic is located in the apse semi-dome of Hagia Sophia. In the mosaic Mary is enthroned and she puts her right hand on the shoulder of the Child Christ who is seated in her lap. Her left hand holds a handkerchief, which is on Christ’s knee. In the mosaic, Christ has a fair complexion. It was uncovered in 867 CE by Photius the Patriarch.The Wilton Diptych (c. 1395–1399) is a small portable diptych of two hinged panels, painted on both sides, now in the National Gallery, London. It is an extremely rare survival of a late Medieval religious panel painting from England. The diptych was painted for King Richard II of England, who is depicted kneeling before the Virgin and Child in what is known as a donor portrait. He is presented to them by (right to left) his patron saint, John the Baptist, and by the English saints King Edward the Confessor and King Edmund the Martyr.<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_Troyes_150208_01.jpg" height="300px">
Detail of a medieval window at Troyes Cathedral, France (14th century)
''Stained Glass''
Stained glass windows were used predominantly in churches, but were also found in wealthy domestic settings and public buildings such as town halls, though surviving examples of secular glass are very rare indeed. The purpose of stained glass windows in a church was both to enhance the beauty of their setting and to inform the viewer through narrative or symbolism. The subject matter was generally religious in churches, though "portraits" and heraldry are often included, and many narrative scenes give valuable insights into the medieval world.
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